QUIZ VALID ARDMS - AB-ABDOMEN LAB QUESTIONS

Quiz Valid ARDMS - AB-Abdomen Lab Questions

Quiz Valid ARDMS - AB-Abdomen Lab Questions

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Tags: AB-Abdomen Lab Questions, Practice AB-Abdomen Engine, Reliable AB-Abdomen Test Notes, New AB-Abdomen Practice Questions, Valid AB-Abdomen Test Preparation

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ARDMS Abdomen Sonography Examination Sample Questions (Q151-Q156):

NEW QUESTION # 151
Based on this image, what is the most likely clinical indication for the examination?

  • A. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
  • B. Red currant jelly stools
  • C. Projectile vomiting
  • D. Abnormal prenatal ultrasound

Answer: C

Explanation:
The ultrasound image demonstrates findings consistent with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). This condition typically affects infants between 2 and 8 weeks of age and presents clinically with non-bilious projectile vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration.
In the ultrasound image, the classic "target" or "donut" sign can be seen in the transverse view of the hypertrophied pyloric muscle. Key sonographic criteria for HPS include:
* Pyloric muscle thickness #3 mm
* Pyloric channel length #15-18 mm
This imaging appearance strongly correlates with the clinical presentation of projectile vomiting (Choice D), which is the hallmark symptom of HPS.
Comparison of answer choices:
* A. Abnormal prenatal ultrasound (Choice A) is not typically associated with HPS, which develops postnatally.
* B. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (Choice B) is not an indication for a pyloric ultrasound and affects liver
/biliary imaging.
* C. Red currant jelly stools (Choice C) are indicative of intussusception, not HPS.
* D. Projectile vomiting (Choice D) is the most common clinical indication leading to an ultrasound exam that reveals HPS.
References:
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound, 5th ed. Elsevier; 2017.
AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance of Ultrasound of the Pyloric Region in Infants (2014).
Hernanz-Schulman M. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Radiology. 2003;227(2):319-331.


NEW QUESTION # 152
During a renal artery Doppler study, which vessel should also be sampled to verify patency?

  • A. Main renal vein
  • B. Iliac vein
  • C. Inferior vena cava
  • D. Portal vein

Answer: A

Explanation:
The main renal vein should be assessed in addition to the renal arteries during renal Doppler exams. Venous thrombosis may coexist with arterial abnormalities and can impact renal perfusion. Evaluation of both arterial inflow and venous outflow ensures a comprehensive assessment of renal vascular patency.
According to Zwiebel's Introduction to Vascular Ultrasound:
"Renal vein assessment should be performed during renal artery Doppler studies to exclude venous thrombosis or outflow obstruction." Reference:
Zwiebel WJ, Pellerito JS. Introduction to Vascular Ultrasound. 6th ed. Elsevier, 2019.
AIUM Practice Parameter for Renal Artery Duplex Sonography, 2020.
-


NEW QUESTION # 153
Which sections of the liver are divided by the structure indicated by the arrow on this image?

  • A. Right and left lobes
  • B. Right anterior and posterior
  • C. Left superior and inferior
  • D. Left medial and lateral

Answer: A

Explanation:
The ultrasound image shows the liver in a transverse view with the arrow pointing to the middle hepatic vein (MHV). The MHV is a key sonographic landmark that anatomically divides the right and left lobes of the liver.
According to Couinaud's segmental anatomy, which is the basis for surgical and radiological liver segmentation:
* The middle hepatic vein runs within the main lobar fissure.
* It separates the right lobe (segments V-VIII) from the left lobe (segments II-IV).
* This division is crucial in liver surgery and interventional procedures.
Comparison of answer choices:
* A. Right anterior and posterior segments are divided by the right hepatic vein, not the middle hepatic vein.
* B. Right and left lobes - Correct. The middle hepatic vein, shown by the arrow, defines this boundary.
* C. Left medial and lateral segments are divided by the left hepatic vein or falciform ligament.
* D. Left superior and inferior is not a standard anatomic division in liver segmentation.
References:
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound, 5th ed. Elsevier; 2017.
Couinaud C. Liver anatomy: portal (and hepatic) segmentation. In: Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians. 1957.
Hagen-Ansert SL. Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography, 8th ed. Elsevier; 2017.


NEW QUESTION # 154
Which complication would be associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis?

  • A. Aortic stenosis
  • B. Venous thrombosis
  • C. Portal hypertension
  • D. Hydronephrosis

Answer: D

Explanation:
Retroperitoneal fibrosis can encase and compress the ureters, leading to obstructive uropathy and hydronephrosis. It may also involve other retroperitoneal structures but hydronephrosis is the most common significant complication.
According to Rumack's Diagnostic Ultrasound:
"Retroperitoneal fibrosis frequently results in ureteral obstruction, leading to hydronephrosis." Reference:
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.
AIUM Practice Parameter for Abdominal Ultrasound, 2020.
-


NEW QUESTION # 155
Elevation of alpha-fetoprotein levels is a characteristic finding in which tumor?

  • A. Hepatoma
  • B. Focal nodular hyperplasia
  • C. Cholangiocarcinoma
  • D. Adenoma

Answer: A

Explanation:
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is commonly elevated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma), particularly in those with underlying cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B/C. AFP is not typically elevated in adenomas, cholangiocarcinoma, or FNH.
According to Rumack's Diagnostic Ultrasound:
"Serum AFP levels are elevated in 50-70% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma." Reference:
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.
AASLD Guidelines for HCC Surveillance, 2018.
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NEW QUESTION # 156
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